8 research outputs found
Dynamics of Size-Selected Gold Nanoparticles Studied by Ultrafast Electron Nanocrystallography
We report the studies of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography on
size-selected Au nanoparticles (2-20 nm) supported on a molecular interface.
Reversible surface melting, melting, and recrystallization were investigated
with dynamical full-profile radial distribution functions determined with
sub-picosecond and picometer accuracies. In an ultrafast photoinduced melting,
the nanoparticles are driven to a non-equilibrium transformation, characterized
by the initial lattice deformations, nonequilibrium electron-phonon coupling,
and upon melting, the collective bonding and debonding, transforming
nanocrystals into shelled nanoliquids. The displasive structural excitation at
premelting and the coherent transformation with crystal/liquid coexistence
during photomelting differ from the reciprocal behavior of recrystallization,
where a hot lattice forms from liquid and then thermally contracts. The degree
of structural change and the thermodynamics of melting are found to depend on
the size of nanoparticle.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Force-induced acoustic phonon transport across single-digit nanometre vacuum gaps
Heat transfer between bodies separated by nanoscale vacuum gap distances has
been extensively studied for potential applications in thermal management,
energy conversion and data storage. For vacuum gap distances down to 20 nm,
state-of-the-art experiments demonstrated that heat transport is mediated by
near-field thermal radiation, which can exceed Planck's blackbody limit due to
the tunneling of evanescent electromagnetic waves. However, at sub-10-nm vacuum
gap distances, current measurements are in disagreement on the mechanisms
driving thermal transport. While it has been hypothesized that acoustic phonon
transport across single-digit nanometre vacuum gaps (or acoustic phonon
tunneling) can dominate heat transfer, the underlying physics of this
phenomenon and its experimental demonstration are still unexplored. Here, we
use a custom-built high-vacuum shear force microscope (HV-SFM) to measure heat
transfer between a silicon (Si) tip and a feedback-controlled platinum (Pt)
nanoheater in the near-contact, asperity-contact, and bulk-contact regimes. We
demonstrate that in the near-contact regime (i.e., single-digit nanometre or
smaller vacuum gaps before making asperity contact), heat transfer between Si
and Pt surfaces is dominated by force-induced acoustic phonon transport that
exceeds near-field thermal radiation predictions by up to three orders of
magnitude. The measured thermal conductance shows a gap dependence of
in the near-contact regime, which is consistent with acoustic
phonon transport modelling based on the atomistic Green's function (AGF)
framework. Our work suggests the possibility of engineering heat transfer
across single-digit nanometre vacuum gaps with external force stimuli, which
can make transformative impacts to the development of emerging thermal
management technologies.Comment: 9 pages with 4 figures (Main text), 13 pages with 7 figures
(Methods), and 13 pages with 6 figures and 1 table (Supplementary
Information
The development and applications of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography
We review the development of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography as a
method for investigating structural dynamics for nanoscale materials and
interfaces. Its sensitivity and resolution are demonstrated in the studies of
surface melting of gold nanocrystals, nonequilibrium transformation of graphite
into reversible diamond-like intermediates, and molecular scale charge
dynamics, showing a versatility for not only determining the structures, but
also the charge and energy redistribution at interfaces. A quantitative scheme
for three-dimensional retrieval of atomic structures is demonstrated with
few-particle (< 1000) sensitivity, establishing this nanocrystallographic
method as a tool for directly visualizing dynamics within isolated
nanomaterials with atomic scale spatio-temporal resolution.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures (Review article, 2008 conference of ultrafast
electron microscopy conference and ultrafast sciences
Photovoltage Dynamics of the Hydroxylated Si(111) Surface Investigated by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
We present a novel method to measure transient photovoltage at nanointerfaces
using ultrafast electron diffraction. In particular, we report our results on
the photoinduced electronic excitations and their ensuing relaxations in a
hydroxyl-terminated silicon surface, a standard substrate for fabricating
molecular electronics interfaces. The transient surface voltage is determined
by observing Coulomb refraction changes induced by the modified space-charge
barrier within a selectively probed volume by femtosecond electron pulses. The
results are in agreement with ultrafast photoemission studies of surface state
charging, suggesting a charge relaxation mechanism closely coupled to the
carrier dynamics near the surface that can be described by a drift-diffusion
model. This study demonstrates a newly implemented ultrafast diffraction method
for investigating interfacial processes, with both charge and structure
resolution.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure